Moore’s Law

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Copying from my own blog @ http://www.gatecounsellor.com/blog/
This law is named after Gordon E. Moore (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Moore) who co-founded Intel Corporation to bring revolution in processor industry ultimately leading radical change in life of man kind.
Moore’s Law states that ” Over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years”.
When I was undergraduate student I remember that I had something called Moore’s Law in most famous and highly recommended book Millaman and Halkias but never tried to understand what’s its significance. I can think of two reasons for  this situation. First topic  was never emphasized in class room teaching and was also not very important for most of exams.  This is in fact a reason many students of Electronics and VLSI do not know it. It was also preferred to understand Transistor/ diode characteristics.
The man who was PhD in Chemistry co-founded Intel and stated this observation in his the 1965 paper. The paper noted that the number of components in integrated circuits had doubled every year from the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 until 1965 and predicted that the trend would continue “for at least ten years.  Later The California Institute of Technology professor Carver Mead coined the term “Moore’s law” in around 1970.
The Moore’s Law continues to hold till date and Semiconductor firms use this law as bottom line for any research and development planning. The below chart shows the growth   number of transistor in integrated circuit
The Moore’s Law became very important as    it decided the limit of number of transistor in new ICs and hence the speed. Things like processing speed, memory size, sensors and pixel sizes in camera are directly governed by the Moore’s Law. Moore’s law revolutionized the  technological and social change in last 50 years.
The Gordon Moore’s observation continues to hold today also and it is expected that for next 50 years it will continue to hold. However, the 2010 update to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors has growth slowing at the end of 2013,[13] after which time transistor counts and densities are to double only every three years.
Recently I read one news article in which questions were raised on the economics of Moore’s Law.  Intel Corporation invests heavily in research and development when the returns will start diminishing the capital expenditure may reduce and it is possible that Moore’s Law may be challenged.  But if I look purely from technological perspective given that resources are available for the research it continues to hold.
The Moore’s Law led to many similar laws which are listed below and can be discuused later in detail
Density at minimum cost per transistor
Hard disk storage cost per unit of information
Pixels per dollar 
and many more….

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